Remember. Test 2 Monday 29th 9:50 p.m.

Remember. Test 2 Monday 29th 9:50 p.m.

Planning an English lesson

Here you have the model for your planning. In class we're going to improve it!

Constructivism: A Holistic Approach to Teaching and Learning

A definition of constructivism

Fundamentally, constructivism says that people construct their own understanding and knowledge of the world through experiencing things and reflecting on those experiences.

Constructivism is a learning theory

• Learning is an active process
• Knowledge is constructed from (and shaped by) experience
• Learning is a personal interpretation of the world
• Emphasizes problem solving and understanding
• Uses authentic tasks, experiences, settings, assessments
• Content presented holistically –not in separate smaller parts

Constructivism is a process –the instructor

• Adapt curriculum to address students’ suppositions
• Help negotiate goals and objectives with learners
• Pose problems of emerging relevance to students
• Emphasize hands‐on, real‐world experiences
• Seek and value students’ points of view 
• Use the social context of content
• Provide multiple modes of representations / perspectives on content
• Create new understandings via coaching, moderating , suggesting
• Testing should be integrated with the task and not a separate activity
• Use errors to inform students of progress to understanding and changes in ideas

Constructivism is a process –the student

• Help develop own goals and assessments
• Create new understandings (via coaching, moderating, suggesting)
• Control learning (reflecting)
• Member of community of learners
• Collaborate among fellow students
• Learn in a social experience –appreciate different perspectives
• Take ownership and voice in learning process

  

Constructivism is an instructional strategy

• Involves collaboration between instructors, students and others (community members)
• Tailored to needs and purposes of individual learners
• Features active, challenging, authentic and multidisciplinary learning
• Constructivism can help students

            – Pursue personal interests and purposes

            – Use and develop his or her abilities

            – Build on his or her prior knowledge and experiences

            – Develop life‐long learning

• Constructivism encourages instructors to provide for each student’s

           – Preferred learning style
           – Rate of learning
           – Personal interactions with other learners



Applying constructivism in the classroom

•  Pose problems that are or will be relevant to students
• Structure learning around essential concepts
• Be aware that students’ points of view are windows into their reasoning
• Adapt teaching to address students’ suppositions and development
• Assess student learning in context of teaching

Constructivism summary

• Shifts emphasis from teaching to learning
• Individualizes and contextualizes students’ learning experiences
• Helps students develop processes, skills and attitudes
• Considers students’ learning styles
• Focuses on knowledge construction, not reproduction
• Uses authentic tasks to engage learners
• Provides for meaningful, problem‐based thinking
• Requires negotiation of meaning
• Requires reflection of prior and new knowledge
• Extends students beyond content presented to them

Remember. Test 1 Friday, 5th 9:50 p.m.

For you to prepare the test.

Write T (true) or F (false) according to the statement.

1.- ______The method concept in language teaching is the notion of a systematic set of teaching practices based on a particular theory of language and language learning.

2.- ______ According to Vygotsky, children construct knowledge from actively interacting with the physical environment in developmental  stages.

3.- ______ Parents who scaffolded effectively kept child “on task” by reminding him of the purpose or goal.

4.- ______ Very young learners are not able to organize their learning.

5.- ______ Young learners can not work with others and learn from others.

6.- ______ An approach is an ordered sequence of techniques.

7.- ______ In PPP, the teacher introduces a situation which contextualizes the language to be taught.

8.- ______ In communicative activities there is no teacher intervention.

9.- ______ Three basic stages of Task based learning are pre production, early production and speech emergence.

10.- ______ According to Asher, 2nd language learning could have similar developmental patterns to that of child acquisition.

11.- ______ Communicative Language Teaching advocates that learners learn a language through using it to communicate.

12.- ______ The teacher’s role in TPR is being a commander and action monitor.

13.- ______ Communicative competence is the progressive acquisition of the ability to use a language to achieve one's communicative purpose.

14.- ______ During the step 2 in TPR, the teacher says the command as both the teacher and the students then perform the action.

15.- ______ In a communicative classroom the instructor corrects speech errors directly.

16.- ______ Single/two-word answers are an example of speech emergence.

17.- ______ L1 is acquired and L2 is learned.

18.- ______ Pre production is the silent period.

19.- ______ In early production, children have a limited vocabulary and respond in short phrases or sentences.

20.- ______ If a teacher presents the language orally; the child reads.

21.- ______ The lexical approach says that language doesn't consist of phrases, collocations, and idioms, but also  traditional grammar and vocabulary.

22.- ______  One of the principles of TPR states that feelings of success and low anxiety facilitate learning.

23.- ______ Bruner focused on the importance of language in a child’s cognitive  development

24.- ______ The best material in the Natural Approach is realia.

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